Notes on Kingdom of Shambhala

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624 AD....."In 624 AD, a Moslem invasion weakened the Kingdom of Shambhala."(Roerich: 1974..pg 753) (Geoffrey Hopkins: 1985..pg 60)...Muhammad died in 632 AD, beginning an expansion of the Muslim Empire in central Asia...In 624 AD the Sassian Shah Yazdigird is defeated by the Arabs at the battle of Nahavand...In Iran, the great Sassanian dynasty collapsed in the 7th century under the Arab onslaught...."in the era of the Mlecchas, the starting year of the Kalacakra chronology is the first year of the Hijra, calculated from the year 624 AD."..(Roerich:1949...pg 753)...."In 580 AD the Turks assailed Sassanian Persia from the East and weakened it which led to the triumph of Islam a few decades later. The surprise and defeat of the Sassanian Shahr-Baraz in 624 AD." (Langer: Ency World History:1940)...."622 AD is the first year of the new Mohammedian era according to the Islamic tradition...

"The date 403...Tibetan scholars have concluded that this year corresponds to the first year of the newer Tibetan chronology, 1027 AD.....However, the Vimalaprabha explains this year 403 is "the year of the lord of the barbarians" (mlecchendravarsham)...Furthermore, the lord of the barbarians is "Muhammad, the incarnation of al-Rahman, the teacher of the barbarian Dharma, the guru and swami of the barbarian Tajiks."...

In Shambhala the days are theoretically exactly 16 hours at the summer solstice. This gives an exact latitude, between 47-48 degrees north if taken literally.

The Saga of the Aryans is a semi-fictional historical novel on the origins of the Aryan people. The Saga deals with the lives of the ancient Indo-Europeans about twenty thousand years ago, who proudly called themselves the Aryans - the Noble Ones. They were the first MazdaYasnis, the Worshippers of Ahura Mazda: God in the ancient Aryan tongue of Avestan.

Volume I of the Saga describes vividly the Great Migration of the Aryan ancestors from their ancient homeland Airyanam Vaejo in the North Pole, due to the Ice Age glaciations that occurred in that ancient age. Drawing inspiration from the sacred Scriptures of the Aryan Zoroastrians, in which the great journey is authenticated; the book unfolds the trials and tribulations that befell the ancient ancestors of mankind in their great journey to the South and the South-West, towards Iran, India, Greece, Russia, Germany and the other nations of Europe. The Aryans display great heroism against the bitter cold and blizzards, the wild animals and the savage barbarians. Romance blooms among the young, as they travel onwards to IRAN.

The Saga is interspersed with heroic verse, in the great Aryan tradition. In Volume II, The Advent of Asho Zarathushtra, the story takes up the life of the ancient Aryan Prophet Zarathushtra, eight thousand years ago. When the Earth-Soul cried out for a Saviour, Zarathushtra was born to redeem the ancient Aryan faith. The glorious birth of the Aryan Prophet in Iran is vividly described, followed by the many miraculous events in his early childhood. Volume III onwards continue the story of the youth and manhood of the Prophet Zarathustra, including the Divine Relevations he received from Ahura Mazda, his travels in Iran, and his tribulations in the Royal court of Iran.

The popular Parsi journalist Noshir Dadrawalla has called the Saga a fine example of Zoroastrian literature. Volume I and II of the Saga were published in the famous Bombay newspaper Jam-e-Jamshed, English Section in 1987-1988 and 1992. They proved to be very popular among young and old alike.

"For those who are wondering what happened next, let me tell you briefly. AZ succeeded in restoring the old Mazdayasni religion to its pure original state and added to that his own marvellous new Zarathushtri revelations (that's why we are known by the double-barrelled name "Mazdayasni-Zarathushtri"). Many of the Aryans embraced AZ's teachings and became his followers. But many others did not budge and remained in the Daevayasni camp. The religious strife became so intense that during or shortly after the mission of AZ, the two camps within the Aryan community split up in a Great Schism, parted company for ever and went their own separate ways. ......I may mention that this split occurred when the Aryans were apparently located at around 50 degrees North latitude somewhere in Northern Eurasia. Later, the Iranian-Aryans migrated further Southwards and finally settled in the Iranian Plateau (Persia), while the Indo-Aryans took a different route and finally settled in the Indo-Gangetic Plain of North India. The split was complete, even physically/geographically. .......
However, having once been united and having shared a common homeland and culture for thousands of years in the remote past, these two branches of the Aryan family naturally share certain common features in religion, history & heritage, as well as in language --- Avesta and Vedic Sanskrit are actually sister languages! .......
But due to the religious divide and the Great Schism which resulted in much bitterness and enmity (various attempts at a reconciliation having failed), there are also naturally many major differences in religious doctrine and practice between the two branches. This is no better illustrated than by the terms "Daeva" and "Ahura." Ahura is the name by which the Iranian-Aryans refer to God. But did you know that when the Indo-Aryans use that very same word Asura ("s" & "h" being interchangeable between Avesta and Sanskrit) they take it to signify a demon? Now look at Daeva. This word comes from the root "div"/"dav" which can have two contrary meanings --- one meaning = to shine, and the other meaning = to deceive. The Indo-Aryans picked the first meaning with the good connotation (i.e., to shine) and applied the words Daeva and Daevi to signify their various gods and goddesses. No prizes for guessing what the Iranian-Aryans did! They picked the second meaning with the bad connotation (i.e., to deceive) and hence took Daeva to signify a demon. Tit for tat!"

"The land of Shambhala lies north of the Tarum River (Sita River in Eastern Turkestan?....or Kabul (Sita) River in Afghanistan?...... The central pericarp is elevated a bit above the surrounding lotus petals, and on it stands Kalapa. Its palaces are made of gold, silver, turquoise, coral, pearl, emerald, moon crystal, and other precious stones. In front of the thrones are crystal looking glasses that allow one to see far into the distance. North of Kalapa are wooded, craggy, crystalline peaks. On the faces of the peaks are depictions of the Buddhas and the Gods. South of Kalapa is a sandalwood pleasure grove. In the center of the grove is the mandala circle of Kalachakra made by King Sucandra. East of the grove is a miniature Manasa lake. To the west is a white lotus lake. ....The Kalki (the lineage king of Shambhala) and his queens possess the four aims of life: sensual pleasure, wealth, ethics, and liberation. They never become sick or old, and although they always enjoy sensual pleasure, their virtue never decreases. The Kalki does not have more than one or two heirs, but he has many daughters who are given as vajra ladies during the initiations held on the full moon of the Caitra each year....The houses in the villages of Shambhala are two storied. The people have fine bodies and appearances and they are very wealthy. The men of Shambhala wear caps, and white or red cotton clothes. Women wear white or blue garments pleated and patterned with beautiful designs." (John R. Newman....1985)

Research Notes:

Shambhala (Sambhala).....Sanskrit: sam=happiness...bhala=?....

The Tibetan word for Shambhala is bde 'byung (the source of happiness) (Bernbaum: 1980...pg 270)....

Chogyam Trungpa once said that the Shambhala teachings most likely had 'Iranian origins'....(1980?).

LOCATION:....Mipham believed Shambhala to be north of the River Tarim.(Sita)..

Tradition places it near the river Sita (Tarim) in East Turkestan. ...

"The Tarim River in East Turkestan. Thus 'Shambhala' must be a special name for the Uighur Kingdom centered at Khocho that flourished circa 850-1250." (Newman...1985)

The Dalai Lama reportedly has said he believes it to have been in the Altai Mountains...("Entering the Circle")

A second TARUM RIVER in ancient Persia...near the Caspian Sea and Mt Demavand. A ring of mountains surrounding the small kingdoms of ancient Persia. North of Hagmatan. Location of a great castle called Kal'ah Taj. Had 'lions of gold' on its walls. Tributary of the Safid River in the Elburz Mountains. North of the ancient city of Ray. South of the ancient city of Kabalah. (LeStrange: 1966..pg 227)

The Kabul River in Afghanistan was also once known as the Sita or White River.....

HAGMATAN....(Described by Herodotus)...."A glimpse into ancient Persian cosmology is the royal city of Hagmatan (Hamadan, Agbatana, Ekbatana)[50E 32N] built in 800 BC by King Deioces (Daiukku) of the Medes. Seven concentric circles within walls, each higher than the preceding wall as one passed toward the center hill where the palace stood. The 7th and highest wall was painted gold (sun)...the 6th was painted silver (moon)...the 5th wall was painted orange...the fourth was painted blue...the third was painted red...the second black...and the outermost wall was painted white. Orange was the fiery morning 'asman', blue the noonday 'asman', red for the evening asman. The array of colors chosen for the encircling walls of the royal city was similar to that of the robe of warriorhood and sovereignty described in the Denkart." (Campbell: 1968...pg 97)...

KABALAH.....(48E...42N)..."In the mountains of Darband was the fortress of Kabalah, on a hill. On the Caspian Sea where the Caucasus mountains meet the sea, is the capital Ash-Shamakha, the site of the fountain of life." (Le Strange:1966...pg 181)...

KUZNETSOV MAP..(Controversial).."There is a map of Shambhala which appears in the Tibetan-Zang Zung Dictionary which appears at first glance to have little connection with geography. However, we have been able to interpret some of the names and even to date them as to the 3rd-2nd Centuries BC." (Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 565)...

In the Bon myth, Olmolungring was northwest of My Kailas, twice as far from it as the peak is from Shigatse, a major town in central Tibet. (Newman, 1985)

"The Indian Kalachakra literature locates Shambhala in the region north of the Tian Shan. Sambhala first appears in the Mahabharata. In Hindu texts, the warrior Kalki will rid the earth of barbarians." (Cabezon: 1996...pg 486)....

"The myth of Uttarakuru dates back to the Mahabharata. The Buddhists took it from older Hindu sources and moved the country northward and out of this world." (Bernbaum: 1980..pg 90)...

"The lam yig's description of Sambhala is a curious melange of elements drawn from the canonical Indian Kalachakra literature (primarily the Vimalaprabha), erstwhile realia (the architecture, diet, and clothing of the Sambhalese), and the obligatory travellers sexology." (Newman in Cabezon:1996...pg 488)...

"One travels north to the region of Khotan (Li Yul). Nearbye is the Tarim River (Shing rta---Sita) which flows from west to east. In this region live the Uighurs (Hor). North of the Tarim lie the Tian Shan mountains that make up the southern boundary of Shambhala." (Cabezon: 1996...pg 488)...

SIMILAR MYTHS:...Questions concerning the relationship with mythical sacred kingdoms in Central Asia such as 'Olmo lung ring, Tazik (Persia), Belovodia (Altai Mountains of Russian Central Asia), Hurqalya (Gurdjieff's work with the Wheel of Time and its use as a passageway to the Sufi sacred land of Hurqalya).

"There is a paradisal land known by various names. The Indians call it Shambhala, the people of Oddiyana call it Sukhavati. The Kasmiris call it Indestructible Vajra Continent. In the Gesar tradition it is Land of the Turquoise-Winged Cuckoos. Tibetans call it Ol mo lung ring. The Chinese call it Treasure Continent." (Brauen: 1997..pg 50).....

Scythians had a similar myth of the Ripean Mountains. (Bernbaum: 1980..pg 91)

Greek and Roman myth of the Hyperboreans. (Bernbaum: 1980..pg 91)

Possibly near Badakshan and the Wakhan corridor

James Hilton came up with the term Shangrila in the 1933 book "Lost Horizon" by 'cribbing' most of his Tibetan material from the British Museum Library (NY TIMES: July 26,1936..IX pg 3)...

"Shambhala has 970 million cities, principal among which is Kalapa (Kalapa: "composed of aspects")...(Kongtrul: 1995..pg 153)...

"The four eras that mark the progressively descending vortex of time cycles are associated in the Kalachakra with the country of Shambhala." (Kongtrul: 1995..pg 46)...

KALACHAKRA...(dus kyi khor lo)...Taught by the Buddha to Dawa Sangpo in South India in 881 BC (Dudjom:1991 pg 947)...Appeared in India from 966 AD with Chilupa. (Jeffrey Hopkins:1985, pg 61)... Introduced into Tibet from India in 1026 AD.(Norbu:1995,pg 272)... "Shen Rab explained the mighty Kalachakra Tantra in the Palace called dBan chen sa bdag." (Kvaerne: 1971, pg 221).... [Was the Kalachakra taught in Zhang Zhung and Persia before India? before Tibet?]...."the 1047 verses of the Kalachakra Tantra used today (the original is 12,000 verses) was composed by the eighth King of Shambhala, the first Kulika (Kalki), Jampal Trakpa. The original 12,000 verses have never been translated into Tibetan." (Kongtrul: 1995..pg 271)..."The Kalachakra is one of the last Sanskrit works to have been written in a Central Asian land." (Geoffrey Hopkins: 1985..pg 60)..."King Sucandra wrote the 12,000 verse root text to the Kalachakra in an unknown tongue called the 'twilight language.' (Bryant: 1992..pg 68)..."Sixteen translations of the Sri Kalachakra from Sanskrit to Tibetan appeared between the 11th and 14th centuries." (Bryant: 1992..pg 71)...

Chogyam Trungpa on ultimate Shambhala: "the kingdom of Shambhala itself, is not some mysterious heavenly realm. It is the realm of the cosmic mirror, the primordial realm that is always available to human beings if they relax and expand their minds." (Trungpa: 1984..Pg 174)....

GEOGRAPHY OF THE VARIOUS SHAMBHALA MYTHS

SILVER PALACE OF THE GARUDA VALLEY....Capital of Shang Shung...."Khyunglung Nulkhar, the Silver Palace of the Garuda Valley, the ruins are to be found in the Sutlej Valley southwest of Mount Kailash." (80E 31N)...(Wangyal: 1993..pg 31)....Khyunglung Nulkar..(Khyung lung dngul mkhar)..."the Silver Palace of Khyung-lung (80E 31N) in the upper Sutlej Valley of Zhang-Zhung (Hoffman: 1979..pg 103)...

BELUKHA....(49 N..86 E)..."The Oriots, a Finno-Turkish tribe in the Altai mountains had their own version of the Shambhala legend. Begins when the White Burkhan comes. His messenger, the Holy Oirot appears riding a white horse....The mountain in the Altai region is called Belukha. Oirots were a Western Mongolian tribe whose messiah was The White Burkhan. Shambhala was called Belovodya (White Waters)...'Oriot' the spiritual leader of an Altai tribe and messenger of the tribes messiah, 'The White Burkhan'."...(Decker: 1989...pps 148+)...

PERSIA (Tazik?)..."The ancient Persian conception of the sun (hvar) was that of a ruling power." (Campbell: 1968..pg 209)...Cyrus the Great, Achaemenid Ruler, conquered Asia Minor and in 539 BC occupied Babylon together with the Fertile Crescent. Susa was his capital.Cyrus I was also known as Kura-as Sar.....[The lotus blossom on the tomb of Cyrus dated to 540 BC seems identical to the ring of petals in the Shambhala cosmology. One of the gardens surronding the tomb was a lotus garden.]..(Acta: 1984..pg 68)(Bryant: 1992..pg 65)...

TAJIK...."between Urgyan and Khache near Chilas." (Vitali: 1996).....the 'dKar nag bkra gsal' Temple in sTag gzig means: "The White, Black, Parti-Coloured and the Clear"...(Karmay: 1972...pg 78)....

'OL MO LUNG RING: river Gyim-shan-nag-po; the province of Hos Mo; Yung drun dgu brtsegs mountain.(Francke: 1950..pg 164)..." Ol: because there is no rebirth, it is called 'Ol...mo: because no concupiscence finds a place it is called Mo...lun: because in lun (valley) prophecies (lun) are uttered...Rin: because compassion extends far, it is called rin (long)" (Francke: 1950..pg 183)..."Ol: unborn..mo: undiminishing..lung:prophetic words..ring: everlasting compassion" (Wangyal: 1993..pg 30)..." a King of the region of Olmo Lungring called Gyalag Odmai Ling." (Norbu: 1995)..."Traditional maps of Olmo lung ring show resemblance to the Persian empire of Cyrus the Great. Names of places and palaces are transcriptions of words of Persian origin. Hetenyi and Kuznetsov of the Soviet Union have done research in this area."..(Karmay: 1975..pg 175)...

BAR-PO-SO-BRGYAD.....(PASARGADAE?)..(54E-30N) (Photo of ruins in Frye:1963)...was one of the capitals of the Persian Empire: Pasargadae (Greek) or Parsogard (Persian). In 550 BC this city became the capital of the 1st two Persian emperors." (Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 565)...."Contained the tomb of the great Persian King Cyrus. The tomb was on a Swastika Hill (representing the sun). Nine stories tall. Crystal columns. Four sacred gardens: Lotus, Wheel, Yungdrung, and Precious." (Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 570)..."born in a palace south of Mount Yungdrung Gutseg in 1857 B.C." (Wangyal: 1993..pg 29)..."Shen rab was born in Sam bha la (sTag gzigs) in the west in the town called Yans pa can, in the dwelling place of the 33 Gods, the palace called Barpo so brgyad". (Kvaerne: 1971..pg 220)..."Pasargadae is a holy place for the followers of the ancient traditions of Iran." (Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 568)..."Into Phar-po-so-brgyad, the castle of happiness and blessing. Phar: other side...pho: change...so: watches over...brgyad: overcomes faults..." (Francke: 1950..pg 166 & 183))..."Shenrab Miwo was born in the Barpo Sogye Palace to the south of Mount Yungdrung." (Wangyal)..."To the south of Mount gYung drung dgu brtsegs is the palace Bar-po so-brgyad, the birthplace of Shenrab." (Karmay: 1975..pg 173)...

HOS..."the country which is currently called Khuzistan. The Elamite city of Susa (Shushan)"..(32N-48E)..(Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 566)...."Hos-mo: the country of Hos or Susa. Originally the capital of the ancient state of Elam, and later one of the main cities of the Achaemenid empire."(Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 573)...'from Hos, from the six provinces of Hos-mo" (Francke: 1950..pg 163)...Photo of ruins in Frye: 1963...

SAKA..."On the map of Shambhala, Saka is shown exactly where it is supposed to be: north of Bactria near Lake Balkash.(45N-75E).Between 154 and 114 BC the Saka broke through the Parthian defense lines and seized a region in eastern Persia that has retained their name to this day: Sakastan (Seistan).(Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 568)..."Shag-yul: Country of the Saka. This is in the northeast corner of the map and refers to the consolidation of the Saka and Yueh-chi (Tocharians) in the Kushan dynasty."(Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 573)...Shapur: King of the Sakas..."The period of the invasion of the Sakas and Kushans into India in the middle of the 2nd Century BC." (Acta: 1978..pg 239)...

CANDRABHAGA...."At the pleasant bank of the Candrabhaga, a city named for Sambha is situated...There lies the abode of the Sun God (Arka) who is standing there in the form of Mitra with the Mitra eye." (Humbach: 1978..pg 236)....The First Rigden King of Shambhala, Dawa Zangpo (also known as King Chandrabadra) received the Kalachakra teachings. He was the first of seven Saka Kings of Shambhala. (Bryant: 1992)..."Samba left the royal residence of Dvaravati on the edge of the salt sea and journeyed to the Candrabhaga River in the Panjab to the sacred bathing place of Mitravana, named for Mitra, one of the twelve Adityas. Until this time the Sun God had been worshipped by means of holy circles (mandala). Samba invited eighteen families of the Magas of Sakadvipa to Mitravana where he established for them the city of Sambapura. (The site of Sambapura is the present day Multan...Mulasthana: basic place, base)...(Acta: 1978...pg 239)..."The Acesines in the journey of Alexander into India is the Chenab, a name derived from the more ancient Chandrabhaga which is traceable in the name Sandabala, by which the river is designated by Ptolemy."..(Bunbury: 1959..pg 502)...

SHAM-PO-LHA-RTSE..."celestial divine summit"..(Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 571)..."the castle of the gSas"..."Sham: reflect on truth...pho: throw out the circle of rebirth...lha: certainty without mistake...rtse: unconditional love (brtse-ba)." (Francke:1950..pg 169 & 183)..."To the east of Mount gYung-drung-dgu-brtsegs is a temple called Sham-po-lha-rtse." (Karmay: 1975..pg 173)...

ZANG-LING...."Copper Country"..(Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 572)

GSER-LING..."Golden Country"...(Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 573)

RGYAL-RIGS-RGYAL-SA-DZIN..."the imperial clan supports (or strengthens) the throne"..(Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 573)

SENG-GE-RGYAB-BSNOL..."Sogdiana (40N-70E), one of the provinces of ancient Iran."..(Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 573)

gYUNG-DRUNG BKOD-GLING...."Country in which the swastika is regulated. The Iranian swastika represented the sun and in contrast to the Indian swastika, extends its arms counter-clockwise. This is evidently the region of Mithras, the Persian God of Light, whose cult later penetrated into Tibet as the Bon religion." (Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 571)

YANS PA CA...."Shen Rab Miwo was born in Sam bha la (sTag gzigs) in the west, in the town called Yans pa can in the palace Bar po so brgyad."...(Kvaerne: 1971...pg 220)....

SAMBHA..."On the pleasant bank of the Candrabhaga, a city named for Sambha is situated...There lies the abode of the Sun God (Arka) who is standing there with the twelth part of himself (in the form of) Mitra with the Mitra eye." (Humbach: 1978..pg 236)..."Perhaps Sambha was the legendary King Sambos (Sabos, Sabbas) who according to the Greek historians ruled in the Indus area, upriver from Pattalene (the delta) and who was defeated by Alexander and fled his capital Sindimana to a country beyond the Indus." (Humbach: 1978..pg 239)...

BDE-BA-RANG-GRUB..."bliss (peace) creates itself... the first syllable is the Persian word 'dad' which means magnificence, luxury." (Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 571)...

RNAM-DAG-DKAR-PO...(Kuznetsov:1970..pg 571)...

KHRI-SMON-RGYAL-BSHAD..."Ruins of Persepolis, near what is now called Naksh-i-Rustam." (Kuznetsov: 1970...pg 571)..."To the west of Mt gYung is the palace Khri-smon-rgyal-bzhad where Shenrab's wife Hoz-bza-rgyal-bzhad-me lives." (Kvaerne: 1975..pg 173)...

SHAG-YUL...."Country of the Saka." (Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 574)...

OD-MA-BYAMS-SKYA'I-YUL..."Mhgasakata or 'great Saka' the name of the Saka tribes known as the Massagetae to the Greeks. In the northeast is the 'country of strong Saka, reflecting the consolidation of the Saka and the Yueh-chi (Tocharians) in the Kusha dynasty under Kadphises I in the 1st century AD."..."...(Kuznetsov: 1970...pg 574-576)...

SHANG-SHUNG..."Was an intermediary between historical periods and peoples." (Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 568)...Three regions: sGo-ba (outer), phug-pa (inner), bar-ba (middle)...

GOG and MAGOG...."The nations of" (Kuznetsov: 1970..pg 570)...

GYIM-SHAN-NAG-PO...."river" (Francke: 1950..pg 163)...

YUNG-DRUN-BGY-BRYEGS..."mountain" (Francke: 1950..pg 163)...MT Yungdrung Gutseg:old Bonpo texts describe how the 'nine story swastika mountain' had to be moved from the north to the present location at Kailas." (Allen: 1982..pg 30)..See: Flying Mountains...

LHA-RTSE-DGU..."the castle of the Sas erected at the summit of the mountain Ri-Rab." (Francke: 1950..pg 166)...

GLIN...'our homeland here at the gate of Glin." (Francke: 1980..pg 183)...

LAN-LIN..."city" (Francke: 1950..pg 183)...

OD-MA-GLIN-KHOR-RGYAS-PA..."the North West land" (Francke: 1950..pg 184)...

dBAN-CHEN-SA-bDAG...."Shenrab taught the Kalachakra tantra in the palace dBan chen sa bdag." (Kvaerne: 1971..pg 221)...

KHONG-MA-NE'U-CHUNG..."Palace north of Mt Yung drung" (Karmay: 1975..pg 173)...

The Legend of Shambhala is nost likely based on the ancient Kingdom of Sham ....which apread from Damascus to Susa and north to the Caucasus Mountais.....In 800 BC it had the glorious capital of Calah.....ancient migrations into eastern Asia brought the legend to Tibet, Mongolia, the Altai etc.......in 624 AD with the Islamic invasions, the priests and royal familes fled northward and eastward .......

(A.)....ELBURZ Mountains near the Caspian Sea.....Sham (bha.la) as a large region west and south of the Caspian Sea dating from 4000 BC. The Arabic/Moslem invasion of Persia in 624 AD, forced certain kingdoms to withdraw northward into the Caucasus Mountains or eastward into the Pamirs/Hindu Kush. Concealed until the Mongol invasions of the 13th Century. Was Mt Demavend (or Mt Alburz or Mt Alvand) in the Bon Shambhala myth actually Mt Yungdrung? Castles (kal'ah, kala) on the slopes of Demavend were not captured until the Mongols in 1216. For more than a century after the Arab conquest of the rest of Persia, this entire region was independent. Are the Elburz the circular ring of mountains? The ancient Tarum River (no longer in existence) flowed into the Safid Rud near the Caspian Sea. Is the Great Persian desert mentioned in the Shambhala geography? The circular cities of Northern Persia with their central castles (kal'ah or kala) as replicas of Kalapa? The Kalachakra originally taught in Parsogardae in Iran? First seven Rigdens as Shakya (Saka) Warrior Kings in the Caspian Sea area. Ancient name for the Caspian: 'Sea of the Rising Sun', which would require a settlement on the western shore. See Herodotus description of Ecbatana (Modern Hamadan) in the Histories.

(B)...ALTAI Mountains (Mt Belucha) .... The mummies in the royal tombs in the Altaic region dating from 200 BC show a mixture of Indo-European and Mongolian features. The earliest Rigden Kings of Shambhala were said to be Shakya (Indo-Europeans from the area near Balkh?) and the later Rigden Kings said to have Mongolian features. The archaeology of this area does not show examples of highly developed cities with a circular cosmology. Was this Shambhala prior to the last Ice Age? A previous world system? Between 18,000 and 5,000 BC? This region was not threatened by the Islamic invasion of 624 AD. What about the mythical Hypoboreans of the Greeks (more peaceful than the Indo-Europeans?)?

(C)...PAMIRS or Hindu Kush: Numerous city-states and fortresses with names beginning with 'Kala' ('Quallah'), all traces of which seem to have 'completely disappeared'...A extremely rich mixture of Shambhalians of all spiritual and cultural traditions....The entire region was considered a "Pagan Enclave" by the Arab mapmakers. Tremendous silk route influences. Crossroads between the Indian Tantric traditions moving northward and the Vedic Mithraic traditions of Persia. Tazik. Bon moved into Tibet via this region. Swat Valley of Padmasambhava. Early teachings of Dzogchen in the Bon and Nyingma traditions appeared here in the 8th century AD.

(D)....KAILAS region: Khyunglung Naljor (Silver Palace of the Garuda Valley), the ruins of the ancient Shang Shung capital (?) are located at the base of Mt Kailas in the Sutleg Valley. Strong ancient Irano-Persian influences. Siva (Shiva, Shiwa) as the main deity of Kailas. The 360 Werma Deities dwell in Mt Kailas. Did the mountain 'fly' from the north as early Tibetans believed? Shamanic traditions of flight on juniper drums. "Dawa Sangpo and his entourage 'flew' back to Shambhala after they received the Kalachakra teachings." Histories of Shang Shung which are being translated in Italy should add light to this area. 33 Kings of Shangshung.

(E)....SHAMBHALA AS MYTH.....Was the ancient myth of Shambhala completely allegorical....There never was an external, physical manifestation of Shambhala. It was never a historical kingdom. The Rigdens never manifested in this world in human form. Kalapa was never visible to human beings with normal perception. Shambhala has always manifested only to humans with higher sense facilities. It was never an ordinary geographical place. It only existed on an ultimate or internal level. An ancient cultural context is unnecessary. To explore the historical reality is too linear and misses the point completely.

(F)....SHAMBHALA AS A STATE OF CLEAR PERCEPTION...Mind in clarity creates a world of sparkling crystaline perfection....

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Email....okarresearch@gmail.com

January 2025

John Hopkins....Northern New Mexico

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SACRED OUTLOOK...(dag nang: pure perception) (taknang, dag.snang)..."In my sixteenth year I looked from East to East and experienced sacred outlook." (Nalanda: 1980...pg 56)...

SACRIFICES...."Releasing the seed of beings, go alive to the place of the gods." (Keith: 1967..pg 226)....."He who sacrifices beyond his own diety loses his own deity, and does not obtain another. The prosperous are three: the learned Brahman, the headman, and the warrior." (Keith: 1967..pg 193)...

SETTING SUN.."The analogy for setting sun hierarchy is a lid that flattens you and keeps you in your place."...(Trungpa: 1984..pg 58)........"based on fear of oneself and fear of death. Has no connection to drala principle."(Trungpa: 1984 pg 108)...

SECULAR...Latin: saecularis: not belonging to a religious order...."In 1975, the Venerable Chogyam Trungpa, Rinpoche introduced a secular discipline (Shambhala Training), that was appropriate for all beings, regardless of the conditions of their birth, status. or previous beliefs." (Osel Tendzin in Trungpa: 1984, page 195)...."People worry about a conflict between the religious and the profane...But the categories of higher and lower, religious and profane, do not really seem relevant to a basically sane approach to life."...(Trungpa: 1973..pg 47)..."Spiritual and secular vision could meet at sacred outlook." (Nalanda: 1980..pg 364)...

SIDDHI...magic power

SKY GAZING...(nam mkha ar gtad)(rig pa nam mkhar gtad) ..."enables us to integrate the empty condition of our mind with the empty space of the sky." (Wangyal: 1993..pg 93 & 119)..."In Mithraic iconography, the Sovereign Sky has an eye in the long solar ray that penetrates the world cave." (Campbell: 1968..pg 99)

SOCIETY...."Shinto grasps truth in concrete expression and takes social groups such as the family, the village, the State, and makes them arenas for realizing the truth of the gods." ...(Jinja: 1958..pg 5)....

SPACE...(kLong)..."the warrior, fundamentally, is someone who is not afraid of space...the truth of non-reference point." (Trungpa:1984, pg 155)...klong: basic space, expanse...mkha: sky, space, heaven....thog ma'i dbyings: primordial basic space....spyi klong: cosmic space....gzhi klong: basic space..."mkha: external space...klong: internal space...dbying: secret space" (Wangyal: 1993..pg 118)...."The word lungta...lung represents the space element,,,the term is sometimes found in the meaning ascribed to long (klong): space...significance between long and namkha (space,sky)." (Norbu:1995...pg 69)...."The Tibetan Book of the Dead is actually a 'Book of Space.' Space contains birth and death; space creates the environment in which to behave, breathe and act, it is the fundamental environment." (Trungpa: Tibetan Book of the Dead: 1975...pg 1)...."three kinds of absolute emptiness or space: 'mkha' is external space conceived without consideration of the things contained within it. 'kLong' is the space of objects that exist within the mkha...and dbying is the space of direct experience as such." (Wangyal: 1993..pg 118)...."Tachyons, particles moving faster that the speed of light, do not experience real time (imaginary space). They move in imaginary time (real space) quite easily." (Wolf: Parallel Universes..pg 130)...Absolute space: chos dbyings...(sk:dharmadhatu)..the expanse of reality..."the mind breaks out of the cage of fixed concepts of definite space and existence and enters the open space of myriad worlds." (kongtrul: 1995..pg 49)..."Throughout our lives, there are occasional experiences of this black hole, suspended space, where we have no reference point."..(Trungpa: 1996..pg 41)....

SQUARE ZERO...."Square One is the basic ground from which we function, and square zero seems to be beyond our even functioning. There is no reference point anymore, just zero. Try it!"...(Trungpa: 1996..pg 126)....

SACRED SPACE..."Conceived as linking the ancestral past and the messianic future, the mountains are not only the lords of a sacred space, but also the lords of time." (Blondeau: 1996...pg 226)...."In an article describing the different stages of the process of sacralization of space in Japan, Grapard (1982) shows that several mountains came flying to that country from India and China." (Blondeau: 1996..pg 81)...

SOUND,LIGHT,RAYS...The tibetan terms: sgra (sound)[sgralha], 'od (light)['odkar], zer (rays)[zermig]. The relationship of these three elements with the kun gzhi (basis)[Kuntu Sangpo:Basic Goodness]. Excellent description of the relationship between heart, eyes, and space: (Reynolds:1996 pps 121, 150, 157)...."Sun Ray Particles" (Kongtrul: 1995..pg 168)...(Rangdrol: 1990..page 45)...."Everything that arises as manifest phenomenon, consisting of sounds, lights, and rays (sgra 'od zer gsum)...this energy, in the form of light, originates in the heart of the individual." (Reynolds: 1996..pg 157)..."This state of Primeval Purity manifests in the milieu of three elements: sound (sgra), light ('od), and ray (zer). This luminosity resides in the heart of the body like a lighted lamp in a vase." (Karmay: 1988..pg 204).....Sound, light, rays: See (Wangyal:1993..pg 134)..."When the 3 great visions (sound, light, rays) arise, we are in the bardo of the clear light of the essential reality, and that they are our own projections." (Wangyal: 1993..pp190-191)..."the name we give to this display of sound, light and color is 'spontaneous presence'."..(Sogyal: 1992..pg 275)..."The Mithraic solar ray that penetrates into the world cave."..(Campbell: 1968..pg 99)..."O Agni, thy pure bright, flaming rays arise." (Keith: 1967..pg 63)..."Draw in breath from the rays"..(Meyer:1976..pg 7)

SOUND...."the spelling sgra-la (la of sound) is based on a very deep principle. Although not visible, sound is perceived through the sense of hearing and is linked to the Cha (the individual's positive force, the base of prosperity), and wangthang (ascendancy-capacity [authentic presence]), both aspects related with the protective deities and entities since birth. Sound is considered the foremost connection between the individual and his la. This is the meaning of the word sgra-la." (Norbu: 1995...pg 62)...."the deities are invoked with the sound of the drum, the shang, the conch shell, and the flute (rgya gling)." (Norbu: 1995..pg 53

SINGULARITIES..."There are regions of space time where distortions occur. Space and time become highly stretched. In the vicinity of the distortions, gateways to other universes occur." (Wolf: Parallel Universes..pg 143)...

SPIRITUAL JUNKYARD...."If one is living in a spiritual junkyard, the way to develop an appreciation of your collection is to start with one item, that would be the equivalent of having one object in an empty room."...(Trungpa: 1973..pg 22)....

SWASTIKA....(Tib: gYung Drung)..."the swastika is called the Gammodian Cross and is associated with the movements of heavenly bodies around the Great Bear. It represents the Solar Wheel and is found in sun worship around the world." (Rao: 1978..pg 7)..."Interesting swastika designs on the Grand Mosque of Cordoba in Spain."..."In ancient Persia, the palace of the King was located in the highest circle, the Garodman that was located in the realm of the sun. Within such a circle, the King withdrew from the view of his subjects."...(Campbell: 1968..pg 99)...

THEISM, ATHEISM, NON-THEISM..."Theistic symbolism is a constant self-existing confirmation. In non-theistic symbolism, such as Buddhism, you don't exist, symbolism doesn't exist, and the universe doesn't exist. That's quite shocking!"..(Trungpa: 1996..pg 33)...

"THEKCHOD......The principle of Thekchod is the primordial purity of everything.....From the viewpoint of the Nying-thig teachings, the original state of the individual, one's inherent enlightened nature, is seen as being primordially pure and spontaneously self-perfected (lhun-grub). These two aspects of the state are realized in the two divisions of Nying-thig teaching and practice, namely, Thekchod and Thodgal....The term Thekchod (khregs-chod) literally means 'cutting loose (chod) the bundle (khregs)'....much as a woodman might cut loose the ties binding a bundle of sticks he has brought with him from the forest. In the case of the individual, this bundle is one's emotional and intellectual tensions and rigidities that keep one imprisoned in a self-created cage and prevent one from realizing one's intrinsic freedom. The principle point of Thekchod is to relax all these tensions of body, speech, and mind that obscure our inherent Buddha-nature, which has been primordially present as the Base (ye gzhi). In Thekchod practice, one settles into a state of contemplation without being distracted for a moment from the view of the primordial purity of our inherent nature. As the master Garab Dorje said: "Whatever is produced in the mind is unobstructed like the clouds in the sky. Having understood the meaning of the complete identity of all phenomenon (in terms of the essence of their emptiness), then when one enters into this (state of contemplation)without following them, this is the true meditation.".....Through the practice of Thekchod, one comes to understand and be totally familiar with the state of contemplation."......John Myrdhin Reynolds....'The Oral Traditions From Zhang-Zhung'....Page 33

"THODGAL......Whereas the principle of Thekchod is the primordial purity of everything, the principle of Thodgal is their spontaneous self-perfection.........The term Thodgal (thod rgal....Sanskrit: vyuthtkrantaka)...literally means "direct" (thod-rgal du) in the sense of an immediate and instantaneous transition from one location to another, where there is no intervening interval of time. Thus some would translate it as 'leap over'...but it is much more immediate than leaping about. Also, when we say 'vision' (snang-ha) we are not talking about visualization( (dmigs-pa) which, for example is used in Tantra. Visualization is a process which involves the working of the mind. However with Trkchod we have moved into a dimension beyond the mind and with Thodgal, one continues in this direction. Rather than visualizations created by mind we are talking about an integration with vision, with whatever arises spontaneously to vision while the practiiioner is in the state of contemplation. Therefore, the master of contemplation through the practice of Thekchod is an immediate prerequisite to the practice of Thodgal...Otherwise there is the danger of becoming caught up in one's visions, becoming distracted by them and believing them to be an objective reality. It is precisely this attachment to one's impure karmic visions that got the individual caught up in samsara in the first place".......John Myrdhin Reynolds....'The Oral Traditions From Zhang-Zhung'....Page 33

TREES...the oak, the rowan, and the hazel were the sacred trees of the Druids...traditionally, the Juniper has been the sacred tree of the Bon tradition..."In Shinto, the white oak is sacred."..(Jinja: 1958)...

TRUST..."You trust not in success, but in reality." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 73)....

UNENLIGHTENED BEINGS..."cling to the idea that they, their worlds, and their experiences are ultimately real." (Kongtrul: 1995..pg 49)...

WATER...."in the Kalachakra, energies arise from the ten directions and through pressure and friction, produce "primordial water'." (Kongtrul: 1995..pg 41)...

WHEEL OF LIFE..."In ancient Persia, this may have suggested the ultimate Apogenesis and escape from the wheel of birth, perhaps as a soldier of the god, whereas incarnation is emphasized on the bottom register." (Campbell:1968..pg. 333)...

WHITE...'the ancient Tibetan Kings, who were considered gods, wore white silk and cotton."...(Kohn: 1997...pg 390)...

WHITE 'A'..."O great White Light of (the letter) A of the womb of space"(Nalanda Translation Committee: Lopez:1997..pg 403)....The seventh level in the Nine Ways of Bon is the Way of the White Letter A (A-dkar theg-pa). (Snellgrove:1967)....."A' represents the unconditioned primordial state, the natural state of mind; it is white to represent the innate purity of mind." (Wangyal: 1993..pg 41)..."The Seventh Vehicle is 'The White A'. The sacred A is the symbol of the 'Pure Sound'...the origin of all earthly sounds and of all effects in the phenomenal world." (Hoffman: 1975...pg 110)...

WIND..."a special wind from this sphere becomes instrumental in the creation of new worlds." (Kongtrul: 1995..pg 42)...

WINDHORSE...(T:lungta...Sk: prana...Ch: ch'i): Mipham (1846-1912): "to write klung-rta (river horse) is not beautiful. It should be written rlung-rta (windhorse)". (Karmay 1993)...LUNG means wind and TA means horse. Invoking secret drala is the experience of raising windhorse, raising a wind of delight and power and riding on, or conquering, that energy...a feeling of being completely and powerfully in the present...connect yourself to the inconceivable vision and wisdom of the cosmic mirror on the spot." (Trungpa: 1984..Pg 114)...The Tibetan text: "Cult of the Deities of the Lungta" A Buddhist text from the 14th century. Includes an invocation to the deities of the four directions. (Norbu:1995, pg70)....klung: river, stream....klung rta: luck, fortune....rlung: wind, breath, vital energy, prana, energy currents of the body, element wind...rlungta: the wind horse...."The klungta is a protective energy tied to a person's bla and phywa and is based on the function of the five elements." (Norbu:1995..pg 249)...."klun-rta (rlun-rta) is regularly written as sruns-rta." (Snellgrove: 1967...pg 9)

XRATU....."The power of 'xratu/rising' is an energy closely connected with visionary insight, indeed it is the cause of it. The moment of dawning when Mithra and his retinue are manifested." (Piras: 1996...pg 15)..."The relationship between daena (the medium of sight) and xratu (a mental sphere). Possession of daena/vision is manifested with the action of an eye enhanced with the energy of xratu, displaying the features of 'rising. Vision derives from the possession of the 'asna xratu', which is itself the faculty of vision of 'Jan', whence the eye is ordered." (Piras: 1996...pg 14)...

XVARENAH....(Xvarnah, Xwarrarh, farrah, khurrah,See Khvarenah)

YANG...." In the I Ching, yin is the cloudy, the overcast and yang actually means 'banners waving in the sun' or 'something shone upon bright'. Yang is bright because it reflects the light." (Wilhelm: I Ching..pg lvi)..."the notion of symbolic wealth is yang".(Karmay: 1975..pg 209)...

ZIJI...(gzi brjid) (gzhi)...the Tibetan word for confidence. ZI means shine or glitter. JI means splendor or dignity. Means to shine out, rejoicing while remaining dignified. (Trungpa:84...pg 85)...."A person possessed fully of the blessings and health that come from the gods is said to be "full of splendor" (gzi brjid can). This splendor, majesty is pronounced ziji in Tibetan, and is an actual radiant force that envelops a healthy and prosperous being, whether god or man." (Kornman: In Lopez...pg.82)...."gzi brjid: brilliance, majestic brilliance, splendor, charisma, glamour, confidence, light, radiance, full of splendor, overwhelming presence, resplendent radiance..."
....gzi: nine eyed onyx stone....gzi byin: overwhelming presence...gzig: leopard....gzig stangs gsum: the three gazes..."This state of pure and total awareness (rigpa) is the primordially pure ground of being itself (gzhi)."..(Kongtrul: 1995..pg 54)...

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Okar Research Terms ... N-R

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NATURAL HIERARCHY...(Lha, Nyen and Lu Principles)...(Sacred order, sacred source)..Lha is the highest point, the point that catches the light of the rising sun first and reflects the Great Eastern Sun first." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 135)..."Lha, nyen, and lu describe the protocol and the decorum of the earth itself, and show how humans can weave themselves into that texture of basic reality." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 134)...."In Shinto, there is a word naka-ima (literally, middle-now). The word naka (middle, center, inside) not only denotes a relation of place, but also spatially the best place and temporally the best time. These words express to perfection the Shinto idea of regarding this world as a world full of blessings."..(Jinja: 1958...pg 23)...

"NATURAL STATE.....Even though one's original nature, as light and space, is like the clear open sky, it becomes obscured and clouded over by an ignorance that grasps at the reality (bdag 'dzin) these clouds represent one's delusions or Samsaric visions. Becoming liberated from these clouds, one's own real nature as awareness or Rigpa comes into visible manifestation, just as when the clouds in the sky dissipate, the sun becomes clearly visible. Therby one's view and con's conduct and activity in the world become inseparably linked. One acts spontaneously in terms of the Natural State, without any deliberation or artifice. The Primordial State, the Nature of Mind, being Shunyata andbeing without any source or ground (gzhi-med-rtsa-bral) in the causal processes of Samsara, totally transcends the intellect (blo 'das chenpo). Yet at the same time it may be directly discovered within one's own immediate experience in this present life by way of the practice of contemplation, a state that goes beyond the mind." .......John Myrdhin Reynolds....'The Oral Traditions From Zhang-Zhung'....Page 240 (The Guru Yoga for Tapihritsa, the most important master in the transmission of the lineage of the Zhang-zhung Nyan-gyad).

NON-AGGRESSION...."The key to life and to perception altogether is non-aggression. It is how to perceive reality at its best. Out of that comes the notion of dignity."...(Trungpa: 1984..pg 101)....."According to the Buddhist vajrayana tradition, if your mind is preoccupied with aggression, you cannot function properly."..(Trungpa: 1996..pg 15)...

PARALLEL UNIVERSE..."In Shinto, it is believed that the world of the noble ancestors is connected spiritually to this world. Theirs is a second world, an unseen world in contrast to this visible world. They live, so to speak, in a second 'this world'."...(Jinja: 1958...pg 24)...."In the I Ching, every event in the visible world is the effect of an 'image', that is, an idea in the unseen world. Everything that happens on the Earth is only a reproduction of an event in a world beyond our sense perception. As regards its occurrence in time, it is later than the suprasensible event."...(Wilhelm: I Ching..pg lvii)...."A black hole will go to zero mass then disappear. These particles will go to another baby universe. Baby universes occur in imaginary time, not real time." (Hawkens: Brief History of Time)

PASSION...."Straightforward, pure passion--without ice, without water, without soda--is good! It is drinkable; it is also food; you can live on it!"..(Trungpa: 1996..pg 15)...."If your mind is preoccupied with passion, there are possibilities. Artistic talent is somewhat related to the level of passion, or heightened interest in the intriguing possibilities of things."...(Trungpa: 1996..pg 15)...

PRECIOUS SUBSTANCES...Six essential ingredients: saffrom seeds, sandalwood powder, camphor, powder of teak, copper dust, powdered cloves...."the 'first offerings' (phud) of the three 'white substances' (dkar gsum) milk, yogurt, and butter.(Norbu: 1995..pg 56)..."five perfumes: sandalwood, musk, jasmine, saffron, and camphor"...

PRESENCE...."Presence in energy, presence in power, presence in joy, presence in clarity, presence in the inseparability of clarity and emptiness in the natural state of mind." (Wangyal: 1993...pg 88)...

PRIMORDIAL PURITY..."the master warrior has relaxed completely into the unconditional purity of the cosmic mirror." (Trungpa:1984, pg 177)....ka dag: primordial purity, original purity, the basic nature of sentient beings which is originally untainted by defilement and beyond confusion and liberation...ka dag klong yangs: the vast space of primordial purity"..."The Dzogchen texts postulate a primordial purity (kadag, dodme shi, etc) on the basis of which both Enlightenment and the deluded appearance of samsara have arisen." (Samuel: 1993..pg 464)...."According to Dzogchen, the essence (ngo bo) of the base of everything (kunzhi) is empty (ston pa nyid) and primordially pure (ka dag)." (Wangyal: 1993..pg 41)..."MA, the mother (kunzhi) has the quality of primordial purity because she is not tainted by any obscurations or by the dualism of samsara and nirvana, virtue or non-virtue, passions and blessings, thought and wisdom, happiness and suffering, inner and outer, subject and object, cause and effect, or any bias toward good or bad." (Wangyal: 1993..pg 120)...."The basis of Great Eastern Sun vision is realizing that the world is clean and pure to begin with in its natural, original state." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 58)..."this display of 'sound, light' and color is inherently present within the expanse of 'primordial purity' which is the ground."..(Sogyal: 1992..pg 275)..."The Buddha informed Sariputra that the universe is always pure, but in order to effect the spiritual maturity of beings, it appears to be flawed."(Kongtrul: 1995..pg 48)...."The fruition of the warrior's path is the experience of primordial goodness, or the complete, unconditioned nature of basic goodness."..(Trungpa: 1984..pg 58)...

PURIFICATION...."Chapter in Nelson: 1996: 'Being dirty, getting clean, and the ritual of great purification."....

RAINBOW BODY...T: jalu...

REALITY..."Words don't mean very much. Reality means a lot." (Trungpa)...."the sphere of reality (dharmadhatu) never changes, never becomes anything other than itself. It always remains empty of true existence." (Kongtrul: 1995..pg 49)..."When you click into the iconography of the cosmos, you are able to experience a sense of reality that is not dependant on reinforcement. The experience is not unconditional."..(Trungpa: 1996..pg 95)...."Reality seems to be the basic space in which we operate in our ordinary, everyday life."...(Trungpa: 1996..pg 52)..."Since there is no one to perceive a mind or reality, the notion of existence in terms of 'things' and 'form' is delusory; there is no reality, no perceiver of reality, and no thoughts derived from perceptions of reality."..(Trungpa: 1973..pg 196)....."In general, all followers of the Great Vehicle assert that completely false truth is fabricated and superimposed onto genuine reality, while actual genuine truth is not fabricated and involves no superimposition." (Kongtrul: 1997..pg 47)

RENUNCIATION...."In the ordinary sense, renunciation is often connected with asceticism...you give up the sense pleasures of the world and embrace an austere spiritual life in order to understand the higher meaning of existence. In the Shambhala context, renunciation is quite different. What the warrior renounces is anything in his experience that is a barrier between himself and others. Renunciation is making yourself more available, more gentle and open to others. You renounce your privacy." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 66)......"Pon, unlike the religious outgrowths of the Aryan culture, especially Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism in their quasi-popular forms, gives little heed to the pursuit of salvation through the practice of austerities." (Trungpa: 1978)....."In Dzogchen there is nothing to renounce, we must integrate with the negative as well as the positive." (Wangyal: 1993..pg 97)..."The basic idea of asceticism, leading a life according to the dharma, is to be fundamentally sane."..(Trungpa: 1973..pg 47)....."The great poet-yogin Milarepa was a classic example of the yogi-renunciate tradition. But his asceticism was simply an expression of his character. He wanted to be simple and he led a very simple life."..(Trungpa: 1973..pg 240)....

RICHNESS...Tib: yun (dbyun)..."The real meaning of wealth is knowing how to create a goldlike situation in your life. You may not have any money but you still manifest richness in your world. Appreciating wealth and richness come from being a basically decent human being." (Trungpa: 1984..p 143-144)....."Nor lha: the deity of wealth...dwells on a lotus; he accumulates jewels." (Nebesky:1956..p 332)....Vaisravana (rNam thos sras): the God of Wealth....."Chuglha: the god of wealth wears a golden per over golden armor. Carries a multicolored victory banner in his right hand. He vomits gems." (Trungpa: 1978...pg 224)...."The Zijid explains that when someone is afflicted by poverty it is necessary to increase the cha and the yang." Rituals are described to summon the cha and yang present in the universe. (Norbu: 1995..pg 72)...."Namse (Rnam-thos-sras) a manifestation of Kuvera, the God of Wealth." (Paul: 1982..pg 111)...."In many Tibetan houses, a white dgra lha mask is always hung to insure good luck and prosperity for the family. A thangka showing the nine dgra lha is also hung." (Nebesky: 1956..pg 335)..."the term gYang can be rendered by prosperity, fortune." (Norbu: 1995..pg 247)..."the ritual of yang-gugs (the summoning of the essence of fortune) is considered to be very important." (Karmay: 1975..pg 209)...

RIGPA...."In different traditions, Rigpa is called God, Self, Shiva, Brahman, Vishnu, Hidden Essence, or Buddha Nature"..(Sogyal: 1992..pg 47)...

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Okar Research Terms ... H-M

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HEART...."Discovering drala is indeed to establish ties to your world, so that each perception becomes unique. It is to see with the heart, so that what is invisible to the eye becomes visible as the living magic of reality." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 105)..."The Orthodox Christian Prayer of the Heart seems to be the ground for Eastern and Western philosophy to join together. It is not a question of dogma, but it is a question of heart, that is where the common ground lies." (Trungpa: Heart of the Buddha..pg 215)..."Inner luminosity originates in the heart and passes through two channels that connect the empty space of the heart with the external empty space of the sky through the eyes." (Wangyal:1993..pg 119)..."The clear light has abided in the heart of the individual from the very beginning. The heart (tsit ta) may be compared to a magic lantern, an early type of cinema projector." (Reynolds:1996..pg 151)....srog: life force, heart, soul...yang zhun snying thig: refined heart essence...zhe: heart, mind...tsit ta: heart, mind...thugs ka: heart center...kun spyod mtshungs mo: sweetheart...."The white pure light of the space element gives rise to the mind and the heart channels. The life process begins from the heart." (Wangyal: 1993..pg 145)..."Basic Goodness is very closely connected to the idea of bodhicitta (awakened heart) in the Buddhist tradition. Awakened heart comes from being willing to face your state of mind...to connect with your heart, fully and totally." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 44)..."In the center of the precious palace of the spiritual heart there are five mystic juices. In their center is the 'Bon essence' a mass of light." (Hoffman: 1975..pg 111)....."In Shinto, the expressions: 'akaki kokoro: heart shining brightly like the sun'...'kiyoki kokoro: pure heart clear as a white jewell'...'"naoki kokoro: heart lovely and without wrong inclinations'...(Jinja: 1958..pg 31)....."Gurdjieff also found from the Sufi mastes that knowledge of the wheel of time could be understood through many modalities of perception. Meditation on mandalas opens the eyes of the heart. If done correctly, the wheel of time will begin to spin."..(Kharatidi: 1996..pg 218)...

HIDDEN LANDS...Tib:shas-yul

HIGHER HUMAN REALM..."people who experience the five colors blended together are reborn in a pure human dimension" (Wangyal: 1993..pg 198)...

HISSING SOUND....."Next make a long hissing sound." (From Meyer: The Mithras Liturgy: 1967..pg 9)

INK..."At Persepolis, from the time of Xerxes, we have found almost a hundred mortars and pestles in green chert, many with Aramic inscriptions in black ink. Mithra is present in some of the names. Was haoma (soma) pressed in the mortars?" (Neuser: 1968..pg 587)...

JUNIPER..."Shug pa...the juniper is specified as lha shing, a tree for the lha divinities (often called the lha shing shug pa g.yu lo...'tree of the gods', turquoise leaved juniper) is an antidote against demonic poison and pollution." (Blondeau: 1996..pg 103)...."They possessed a small drum made of juniper, on which they could fly through the air." (Tucci: 1980..pg 228)....(rgya shug:juniper tree)(shugs pa:juniper)..."The juniper tree is the Bon po sacred tree. It is often called the 'lha shing pa gyu lo' (tree of the gods)." (Bansal: 1994..pg 81)..."The priests owned a drum made from Juniper wood on which they could travel through the air like their Siberian counterparts." (Hoffman: 1975..pg 109)...

KALPA...."According to ancient Indian philosophical theories, a kalpa is an extremely long period of time, amounting to over 4 billion years." (Norbu: 1995..pg 245)...

KHATVANGAS....magic wands

KI KI SO SO....Kye Kye So So....lha gyello lha gyello (the Gods are victorious).....Stein links this invocation with the warcries..the warlike nature of the gods and the idea of passing through a dangerous and strategic place....

KULWA....prayer

KVARENAH (Xwarenah)(khvarenah)(Avestic: xvarnah)(Parsi: farrah)(khurrah) ..."Glory" (Median: farnah) (Khotanese:pharra)..."In the Avesta, the xwarenah is called 'kawyan', that is belonging to the Kawis. The Kawis were a partially legendary dynasty of eastern Iranian rulers. Xwarenah can be a creative power used by the gods or it can be a religious power. But generally it embodies the concept of good fortune. As a kind of fiery radiance it would relate to the word for sun (xwar) (Old Iranian: Suvar) (hwar: to shine)(xwar: to grasp)." (Malandra: 1983...pg 88)....sacred light surrounding the Fravashi warriors. Manifestation of glory, splendor (Tib: byin). Spiritual radiance.."In front of Mithra flies the blazing fire which is the strong Kavyan Fortune (xvareno)." (Gershevitch: 1959)..."Found in the Avesta, Yast 19, Khvarenah persisted into the Sasanian period where in Middle Persian it is "farrah'. Khotanese Buddhist used the term in the form of 'pharra' to denote good fortune. Sogdian Buddist groups used the form 'prn'. (Scott: 1990...pg 48)..."In the Avesta both the lesser Ahuras are actively associated with 'khvarenah', divine grace or fortune (hvar: sun, glow). The median form of the word was 'farnah'. The Zoroastrian pantheon also knows khvarenah as a yazata." (Boyce: 1982...pg 17)..."Mithra has the xwarrah. The association of xwarrah with fire and radiant light. Yast XIX." (Gershevitch: 1959)...."Celestial fortune and power, special glory and light."..(Nasr: 1964...pg 152)...

LA...." the word La is similar in meaning to the word 'soul'. All human beings possess a la, consciousness (sem) and life (sok). The la is an entity which is part of one's being but is unintelligent. Therefore it can be stolen, confiscated, regained, as well as reinforced by spiritual power." (Trungpa: 1978..pg 227)...."represents the psycho-energetic function of the individual in relation to the energies of the world. The link between the inner and outer energy." (Norbu: 1995..pg 60)..."the notion of ancestral souls (bla)"..(Blondeau: 1996..pg 123)...."In the Saka of the Altai, there was a belief not only that the body contained a life element (the soul) but also that its parts, including the hair and nails, had their distinct, partial souls. The hair and nails continue to grow after death. It was sufficient to possess the hair or nails of a person in order to gain control over his soul and influence his life." (Rudenko: 1970..pg 287)..."In the Kalachakra tradition, the soul (bla-gnas) resides at the bottom of the left foot (men), or right foot (women) at the new moon. Then it rises higher each day, residing at the top of the head on the full moon. Then returns." (Stein: 1972..pg 226)...

"Some confusion exists between two Tibetan words, sometimes used interchangeably: lha and la. The first, lha, is the Tibetan word used to translate the Sanskrit deva, meaning “deity,” “god,” or “divine.” This is also the term used in the Shambhalian sense of natural hierarchy: lha, nyen, and lu. (If we were to be more daring in writing this word like it is actually pronounced, we might spell it hla!).....The word la (bla) literally means that which is “higher” or “above,” as in the word lama, the Tibetan translation of the Sanskrit guru (which literally means “heavy,” —heavy with good qualities, as the tradition explains). Lama Ugyen once explained lama as “one who looks down from above (la) with the love that a mother (ma) has for her children.” La is also a Pön term, meaning “soul,” “life force.”......An example of the confusion between these words comes in the alternate spellings of the term drala or dralha. Both are found in texts, and they are usually referring to the same principle or type of deity. The Dorje Dradül much preferred the former spelling, explaining that the word means “above” or “beyond” the “enemy” or “aggression.” We used to translate this as “war gods,” which might be seen to favor the other reading, but it was actually just an attempt to characterize this deity type."....http://nalandatranslation.org/offerings/choosing-the-right-word/lha-or-is-it-la/

LOVE..."The warrior is more and more in love with the world. That combination of love affair and loneliness is what enables the warrior to constantly reach out and to help others." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 69)...."In Shinto, if man regards his own life as sacred, he must give infinite thanks to his ancestors who handed down this sacred thing. One must treat this inheritance carefully and hand it on, to bring up the coming generation with a love even surpassing that of his forebears. All human beings are loved and protected by their ancestors and by the gods; each is given a sacred mission to perform and must hand on his precious life and abilities to his offspring." (Jinja:1958..pg 9,17)...."So-called 'love' relationships usually take one of two patterns. Either we are being fed by someone or we are feeding others. These are false, distorted kinds of love. A third kind of love is : Just be what you are. This is a balanced way of openness and communication which allows tremendous space in which to dance and exchange."..(Trungpa: 1973..pg 212)...

LIGHT...('od)...."Rigpa is compared to the sun in the sky and ye-shes is compared to the rays of the sun which stream forth." (Reynolds:1996..pg 122)..."It is like a sunbeam meeting the sun, like light (ye-shes) merging into light ('od gsal). It is only by first looking at one's reflection in the mirror that one discovers the mirror." (Reynolds: 1996..pg 152)..."The worship of light can be confirmed throughout the Indo-Iranian sphere, from Vedic to late Buddhist times." (Eliade)..."It is the luminous mind who is the creator of the world, the world being nothing but its own illusory projection, the Primordial Basis existing in the form of variegated light." (Karmay: 1988..pg 203)..."When I saw these visions, they were not something appearing externally: they were the manifestations of my own mind in the form of light." (Wangyal: 1993..pg 12)..."In the Bon cosmology, the absolute realm may be symbolized as pure light, which is neither black nor white, but transparent." (Paul: 1982..pg 55)..."Sems then is not only mental energy, but also light, and light too is the breath (rlung) on which it rides, for the breath is made of five shining rays of light ('od zer)" (Tucci: 1980..pg 64)..."In the borderland between Ye (light) and Ngam (darkness) the Werma with magic power built a fortress: it had its entrance facing East." (Mipham text in Norbu: 1995..pg 59)...."At death, the adept achieves the light body or rainbow body." (Wangyal: 1993..pg 145)..."When we see the rainbow lights, deities, mandalas, thigles and colors, we will not follow after them but recognize them as mental projections...(Wangyal: 1993..pg 197)..."inner light (aloka, snang ba) increase of the inner light (alokabhasa, mched pa), and inner light approaching fullness (upalabdha, nyer thob)."..(Kongtrul: 1995..pg 276)..."In the Kabala, one of the basic doctrines involves the withdrawal (tzimtzum) of the divine light, therebye creating primordial space"...(Encyclopedia Britannica)...

MENOK...primal matter. the ras. the wheel of heaven. the embodiment of time-space. In Zurvanism, not only a concept but also an actual weapon to be used by Ohrmazd.

MIND..."I am afraid there is really no such thing as the one mind."...(Trungpa: 1973..pg 202)...."sem is referred to as 'mind' and Rigpa is referred to as the 'nature of mind'.'..(Sogyal: 1992..pg 394)...

MIRROR..."The quality of the cosmic mirror is that it is unconditioned, vast open space....free from any bias...willing to reflect anything." (Trungpa: 1984, pps 100, 174)...." In whatever he does, the master warrior guides the minds of his students into the visionary mind of the Rigden Kings, the space of the cosmic mirror." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 179)...."In the realm of the cosmic mirror, clinging to concept or doubt has never been heard of." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 179)....me long: mirror, looking glass....shel: mirror, crystal, crystaline....pra se na: oracular mirror....pra: mirror divination...kun gsal: sky, sun, mirror,that which is fully clear...kun mthong: mirror...."In Dzogchen, Rigpa is the mirror of awareness held up to things so that everywhere, under all circumstances, in each event that occurs, there exists this self-recognition. This is like the net of Indra made of chains of linked mirrors, where every mirror reflects every other mirror." (Reynolds: 1996..pg 152)...."A slightly flawed cosmic mirror allows the universe to exist: The existence of the universe comes from a flaw in a symmetry exhibited by a 'universal mirror' called the CP mirror, [and then lost me in a discussion of matter and anti-matter]." (Article in Scientific American: Feb 1988)..."The son (Bu) is the unobscured, self-clear essence of the empty nature of the non-grasping mind. If we know this mind, this mirror of awareness, all nirvanic qualities reflect or manifest in it. It is called the mirror-like wisdom." (Wangyal: 1993..pg 125)...The nature of the mind is like a mirror with 5 different powers: vastness, detail, unbiased, unconfused, all-accomplishing. (Sogyal: 1992..pg 153)....

MAGIC...."Nowness, or the magic of the present moment, is what joins the wisdom of the past with the present." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 96)...."When we draw down the power and depth of vastness into a single perception, then we are discovering and invoking magic." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 103)..."When you discover magic, you simply find yourself in the realm of utter reality, complete and thorough reality." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 106)...." to invoke the power of drala, or elemental magic" (Trungpa: 1984..pg 135)..."This world is a magical place because it can BE so vividly, so brilliantly." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 132)..."then magic, or drala, can descend onto our existence." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 132)..."You cannot own the power and the magic of this world. It is always available, but it does not belong to anyone. The only way to contact that energy is to experience a gentle state of being in yourself." (Trungpa: 1984...pg 107)....."It is not true that there is no magic these days, that we are in the dark ages. The only magic that exists is in this life, the particular phenomenon we are experiencing right now."...(Trungpa: 1996...pg 96)...

MARRIAGE...Jamgon Kongtrul wrote a marriage ritual with the traditional Bon ceremony with the arrows, incorporating Buddhist divinities and some pieces of Indian mythology."..(Karmay: 1975..pg 207)..."During the marriage ceremony, the mu cord is attached to the ceniput of the groom. He holds an arrow and makes offerings. The priest presents the bride with turquoise (la-gyu...soul turquoise) and the groom with a piece of gold (la-gser...soul gold)."..(Karmay: 1975...pg 210)...

MU CORD...(dMu dag...rMu thag)..."sky rope (dMu thag). the early kings descended by means of the Mu cord." (Hoffman: 1975..pg 96)..."the Phrul shamans were God-possessed and had the function of planting the rope which linked earth with heaven." (Hoffman: 1975)..."ascended to the sky by means of the Mu cord." (Norbu: 1995..pg 75)..."in her hands she holds the Mu cord of the Phug Lha" (Norbu: 1995..pg 74)..."a wool cord is extended in the four directions. This acts as a conductor for SE when he descends from heaven." (Trungpa: 1978..pg 227)..."Each King ruled until his first son was old enough to ride a horse, at which point the king returned to heaven via the rope." (Lopez: 1997..pg 4)..."the sky rope (namtak: gnam thag) (mutak: dmu thag) connected the kings to the heavens." (Kohn: 1997)...

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OKAR RESEARCH TERMS....D-G

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DARK AGE...(Sk: kaliyuga)...(T: snyigs-ma i-dus)

DISTRACTION..."the length of time one is able to rest undistracted in the nature of mind." (Sogyal: 1992..pg 279)..."Cyclic life is simply the arousal or excitement of the pure state of awareness 'straying away' from itself." (Kongtrul: 1995..pg 54)...

DRALA PRINCIPLE..."Drala is not a god or spirit, but fundamentally it is connecting the wisdom of your own being with the power of things as they are." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 132)....

DRALHA....Non-Visible Beings......Drala or Dralha?......
Drala is actually a transliteration for two different Tibetan terms. Therefore it stands for two slightly different kinds of deity. One is spelled sgra bla, and the other is spelled in Tibetan, dgra lha. The first one with the element, sgra refers to a kind of energy; it is a vibrational entity. The second (dgra-) word ends in the syllable lha, and it is a kind of god.....Jamgon Kongtrul the Great used a third spelling .....

Drala spelt sGra bla begins with the syllable sgra which means sound, and continues with la that here means "a type of individual energy that is endowed with protective functions" (Norbu 1995.) For example, seng- ge'i sgra means the lion's roar. It is also possible to write and hence, refer to sgra'i lha since sGra means a sound or cry, but using lha here instead of la conveys the meaning of a sound deity.

"DZOGCHEN.... is not something to be limited by any narrow-minded sectarianism, for it pertains directly to the Nature of Mind, which, in its own terms, is unbiased and transcends all cultural limitations and conditioning, not only among humanity, but among all sentient life-forms on this planet and elsewhere in the universe. Dzogchen belongs to all humanity and to all life."........John Myrdhin Reynolds....'The Oral Traditions From Zhang-Zhung'....Page xx.

EARTH..."minute particles of matter (rdul phra rab: the earth element"..(Norbu: 1995..pg 165)...

EAST....."In my sixteenth year, I looked from East to East and experienced sacred outlook...Chokyi Wangchuk."..(Nalanda: 1980..pg 56)...

EMPEROR..."In Shinto, the Emperor stands in the center of a community of worship and has a heavy responsibility in worship of a deity or deities. The Emperor was the center of the State in this sense, and at the same time was himself the high priest of the gods and the superintendent of worship of the gods."....(Jinja:1958...pg 6)...."Each King ruled until his oldest son was able to ride a horse."...(Karmay: 1975)..."In ancient Persia, the word for King mean not only to regulate and direct in a manner that is right, but also to shine with luster. The divine right of the king was derived from the brilliance and sovereignty of the sky itself. It was fitting that his palace should be in the 'padak' of the sun." (Campbell: 1968..pg 101)..."The Sasanian kings had special seats in the famous fire temple made of gold reserved for the Emperors of China, Byzantium, and the Khazars. Other seats of silver, etc. were arranged according to heirarchy."..(Acta: 1988..pg 105)...

EMPTINESS...(stong pa nyid) (Sk: shunyata)..."When you awaken your heart in this way, you find, to your surprise, that your heart is empty. You find that you are looking into outer space." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 45)..."The essence (ngo-bo) is shunyata, or emptiness, the condition of the nature of the mirror. If one knows that one is the mirror, than everything comes together simultaneously at one single moment (dus gcig la thams-cad 'dus)." (Reynolds: 1996..pg 154)..."In the cinema we experience the form of the sense object but not the emptiness of the sense object." (Wangyal: 1993..pg 88)...."There are three levels of perception: experience, emptiness, luminosity. The perception of emptiness is the absence of things as they are."...(Trungpa: Dharma Art: 1996..pg 86)...."Shunyata, emptiness, nothingness, voidness, space, the absence of duality and conceptualization. The complete absence of filters or concepts of any kind. It is a question of seeing the world in a direct way without desiring 'higher' consciousness or significance or profundity."..(Trungpa: 1973..pg 190-197)

ENLIGHTENMENT....(sk: bodhi) (Tib: byang-chub)..."Enlightenment is being awake in the nowness. Animals and infant children live in the present; but that is quite different from being awake or enlightened."..(Trungpa: 1973..pg 204)...

EYES... "Synchronizing mind and body...how we connect with the world...two stages, looking and seeing...in terms of visual perception. The point is to look properly. See the colors: white, black, blue, yellow, red, green, purple. Look. This is your world! You can't not look. There is no other world. This is your world; it is your feast. You inherited this, you inherited these eyeballs; you inherited this world of color. Look at the greatness of the whole thing. Look! Don't hesitate-- look! Open your eyes. Don't blink, and look, look--look further! (Trungpa:1984..pg 53).....khra hrig: wide open eyes...chu bur mig: physical eyes...che re bltas: looking directly...lta stang: gaze...spyan: eyes...mig khra hrig ge: piercing eyes...zur mig blta: flirtatious eyes...gzi: onyx stone with eyes...lha yi mig: divine eye..."When we see with our eyes in the state of contemplation what we are really seeing is our own wisdom." (Wangyal: 1993..pg 89)..."Listen while you keep motionless command of your organs of sense. Even the eyelids may not be moved." (Francke: 1950..pg 181)..."In Shinto, the ancestors watch their descendants with their spirit eyes."..(Jinja:1958..pg 24)...."The sun in the Rigveda is known as the eye of Mithra. The sovereign sky has an eye in the long solar ray that penetrates the world cave."..(Campbell: 1968..pg 99)..."Mitra supports earth and sky. Mitra regardeth men with the unwinking eye." (Keith: 1967..pg 226)..."His rays bear up the god who knoweth all, the sun for all to see, the eye of Mitra." (Keith: 1967..pg 63)...."The relationship between daena (the medium of sight) and xratu (a mental sphere). Possession of daena/vision is manifested with the action of an eye enhanced with the energy of xratu, displaying the features of 'rising. Vision derives from the possession of the 'asna xratu', which is itself the faculty of vision of 'Jan', whence the eye is ordered." (Piras: 1996...pg 14)..."The Sun as the All Seeing Eye" Hawkes: 1962..pg 87...Tel Brak Temple in Syria...staring divine eyes..(Gimbutas: 1989 pg 54)...Eye Goddesses (Gimbutas: 1989)..."Radiant divine eye, compound eye and sun symbol" (Gimbutas: 1989 pg 56)

FIRE...."the yul lha is asked to forgive any defilement of fire." (Blondeau: 1996...pg 125)..."ritual acts connected with the fire element" (Norbu: 1995..pg 269)..."the winds, produces a vortex of light that whirled vigorously from whose energy heat was emitted and the element fire was formed."..(Norbu: 1995..pg 165)..

FIVE POWERS..."The nature of the mind is like a mirror with 5 different powers: vastness, detail, unbiased, unconfused, all-accomplishing." (Sogyal: 1992..pg 153)...."the five wisdoms are: openness, precision, all-embracing equality, discernment, and spontaneous accomplishment." (Sogyal: 1992...pg 397)...

FIVE ELEMENTS..."The invocation of the drala principle allows us to live in harmony with the elemental quality of reality. Rather than trying to overcome the raw elements of existence, one should respect their power and their order as a guide to human conduct." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 129)...."the four animals endowed with claws represent the elements. (Tiger:air...lion:earth...khyung:fire....dragon:water)... The fifth element, space, is represented by the horse at the center of the windhorse flag." (Norbu: 1995..pg 69)....."Primordial awareness is projected and reflected through the five senses...the relationship between the elements, the inner organs, the sense organs and the sense consciousness..."(Wangyal: 1993..pg 126)...."All the elements are based on the space element." (Wangyal: 1993..pg 145)..."klung rta is a protective energy tied to a persons la and cha and is based on the function of the 5 elements. Lung represents the element space and signifies universal foundation." (Norbu: 1995..pg 249)..."in the Kalachakra, 'galactic seeds' that coalesce to form planets, etc. This is a process stimulated by the interplay of the five material elements." (Kongtrul: 1995..pg 41)..."The color of one's own rlung-rta is in accordance with the element in one's own horoscope." (Karmay: 1975..pg 210)...

FRACTALS...."the spaces develop spontanteously like fractals"..(Reynolds: 1996..pg 158)...Check out the Mandelbrot Set....

GALACTIC SEEDS..."According to the Kalachakra, scattered particles of matter remaining in space after a previous world system has been destroyed are the 'galactic seeds' that coalesce to form new planets, stars, and so forth." (Kongtrul: 1995..pg 41)... "generative seeds come from other world systems, according to others, the seeds are contained in the primordial matter."..(Kongtrul: 1995..pg 42)..."In the Kabala, one of the main doctrines involves the sinking of luminous particles into matter (quellipot..shells)"..Encyclopedia Britannica...."Winds come carrying seeds from other world systems. The environment is created from five types of seeds (many scattered, indivisible, subtle particles). Mentioned the text: "Seventy Particles". (Kongtrul: 1995..pg 175)....

GAZE..."you will be unable to look at the visions...instead your gaze will be drawn downward."..(Sogyal:1992..pg 279)...

GREAT EASTERN SUN (Shar chen nyi ma)..."Great Eastern Sun vision is based on appreciating ourselves and appreciating our world, so it is a very gentle approach. The world around us is regarded as very sacred." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 56).....Primordial, constantly rising, never ending brilliance. A greater luminosity which is always there. (Trungpa:1984...pg 127)...."ancient Altaic and Turkic traditions worshipped the rising sun and the east was considered the most sacred direction. The universe was rectangular with the door of the Kaghan's (warrior chieftan) tent always faced east. The universe was considered divided into Heaven, Earth, and Underworld with deities representing each." (Litvinsky: 1992..Pg 429)....Kunzhi is the sky in which the sun (rigpa) shines clear and free of clouds (thoughts). (Wangyal: 1993..pg 111)..."When we say sun here, we mean the sun of human dignity, the sun of human power." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 54)...."the sun of the intrinsic nature (t:cho nyi) begins to rise in all its splendor. The natural radiance of Rigpa manifests spontaneously and blazes out as energy and light." (Sogyal: 1992..pg 275)..."you will be unable to look at the deities, which are as 'bright as the sun'."..(Sogyal: 1992..pg 279)..."At the beginning, Great Eastern Sun vision is very black and white. When the sun shines it is white. When the sun doesn't shine, it is black."...(Trungpa: 1996..pg 14)...."An important image in the Shambhala tradition, representing indestructible wakefulness. Being spontaneously present, it radiates peace and confidence. Being brilliant, it illuminates the way of discipline. Since it shines over all, heaven, earth and man find their proper place.' (Nalanda: 1980...pg 349)..."The ancient Persian conception of sun (hvar) was that of a ruling power. There are 108 names for the sun in the Mahabharata, including 'Mithra'."(Humbach: 1978..pg 236)..."In the Mihr Yast and elsewhere in the Avesta, the sun is called 'swift-hearted' which describes the sun as the 'life-giving father of rays', the first principle (archos) of horses breathing out fire." (Campbell: 1968..pg 191)..."His rays bear up the god who knoweth all, the sun for all to see, the eye of Mitra." (Keith: 1967..pg 63)..."MITHRA is called Sol invictus or the Invincible Sun in the Roman Mysteries." (Dhalla: 1963..pg 302)...Emperor Julian's Hymn to King Helios in which he conceived of the sun in three ways: transcendental and indistinguishable from the Good, as Helios-Mithra, and thirdly as the visible sun." (Hawkes: 1962 pg 254)...Plato idealized Sun worship (Hawkes: 1962..pg 199)...Palmyra was the seat of ancient Syrian sun worship.(Hawkes: 1962)

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Okar Research Terms ... A-C

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ABRUPTNESS: the way of provoking inner drala. Sharpness is the binding factor between fearlessness and gentleness.

ABSOLUTE...."Means: needing no reference point. It is wholesome, complete by itself, self-existing." ..(Trungpa: 1996..pg 39)...

bden-pa gnyis - the 2 Truths (absolute and relative)

AGGRESSION: when aggression arises you should flash sacred outlook. Usually you are so pissed off that you cut off any possibility of communication. Aggression is wisdom in some sense. Aggression is thinking that your world is right and that others are wrong. But when you begin to project sacred outlook, there is no separation at all between this world and that world. So everything is pure.

AIR ELEMENT..."three Zhang Zhung terms designating the three types of winds (the air element): tsentin, nentin, trinni." (Norbu: 1995..pg 165)...

ye-shes kyi rlung - wisdom winds, wisdom airs, jñana-vayu

rung - psychic energy, wind, air, vayu

srog 'dzin rlung - life-supporting wind

ANCESTORS..."Our lives are different from those of our ancestors. But, inside us are living our ancestors. Man comes from his ancestors, his parents. It is important to treat this inheritance carefully. The ancestors must never be forgotten, reverence for the ancestors must never be neglected."..(Jinga: 1958..pg 7,12)...

......Drala is realizing that there is an intrinsic state of being in both ourselves and our ancestors. We might say that this is somewhat like ancestor worship, but nonetheless, almost all religions worship their ancestors. This is not just Buddhist or Shambhalian approach; even Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Hinduism worship their ancestors. So I don't see any reason why ancestor worship has to be put down as primitive particularly. In our case ancestor worship is slightly more connected with how one's own basic being can communicate with the general vision or the general atmosphere around one. Our approach is not entirely ancestor worship. Rather, it is like looking at the sun. The sun is always there. If we look at it we see it.

spyi mes chen-po - the great universal Ancestor

ANCESTRAL SOVEREIGNS: "It was elaboration in story form of the old Buddhist concept of the Four Sons of Heaven, that is, rulers of the four great countries of the Asiatic world. China, India, Iran and the northern barbarians. Gesar was the King of Trhom (Ohrom) and stood for armies and the north." [Caesar-Rome] RA Stein (Tibetan Civilization pg 280)

APPRECIATION..."Proper shopping does not entail collecting a lot of information or beauty, but it involves appreciating each individual object. It is like seeing a very interesting movie and forgetting that you are in the audience."..(Trungpa:1973..pg 16)

ARROGANCE: Arrogance comes from lack of gentleness and lack of gentleness comes from relying on our habitual patterns....The problem of arrogance is connected with gentleness not coming through.

ARROW ...(mda' dar). "Every male member of the family possesses an arrow decorated with silk, a silver mirror, and turquoise." (Nebesky: 1975...p.87)....The five silk scarves are symbolic of the five elements which are activated by the arrow...."Naguchi can chant the Arrow Eulogy of Gesar. With an arrow in his hand he chanted and danced simultaneoulsy." (Yang:1993..pg 439)...."Ati Muwer (Mu=sky..wer=king) is a deity of wisdom (yeshe lha). He holds a bow and arrow of meteoric iron." (Kvaerne:1996..pg84)..."mDar Mo is arrow divination, also known as Gesar Mo. It involves the use of two arrows." (Ekvall: 1964)..." A golden arrow with turquoise feathers and a turquoise arrow with golden feathers were the arrow of life and the arrow of the bride, presented during the marriage ceremony."...."The Altaic shaman had a miniature bow and arrows, a symbol of magical flight."..(Eliade: 1964..pg 152)..."An arrow on the string of a drawn bow of a god emphasizes sky power."...(Campbell: 1968..pg 94)...

ASHA....(the Persian counterpart of the Vedic Rta) Cosmic order governing the worlds of the gods and of man. The Sacred Fire is the means whereby the offering is carried to the sky. (James: 1963...pg 76,90,94)...."For the Indo-Iranians, the sun moved across the sky and to regulate the seasons in accordance with Asha." (Boyce: 1984...pg 10)

ASHE: ..... A means "first" and "last"; it also means "the manifestation of nonexistence," and it can also mean "power" or "a storehouse of power." Such power is not the gift of external agents of any kind. It is reawakened power which exists naturally. Fire has power of its own; wind has power of its own; earth has power of its own; space has power of its own. Such power has neither beginning nor end, and such power exists in you, individually, inseparable from basic goodness. A is that fundamental, basic openness, space, imperturbable and peaceful. SHE means "stroke" or "form" and it could also mean "visual manifestation." So ASHE altogether means "the powerful existence arising out of basic goodness."

AUSPICIOUS COINCIDENCE...(T:tendrel)(Sk:pratityasamutpada)... The Tibetan term Tendrel (tenpar drelwa). Auspicious coincidence. Connections that are not visible on the surface. The natural sequence that the dralas ride on. Interdependent causation. Auspicious or favorable circumstances. ..... "According to Pon, anyone who attunes himself, through the appropriate rites and practices, to the movement of the interdependence of events is not in danger of being rejected by it. Understanding this interdependence, he can read the signs. By invoking the name of the supreme deity in the appropriate manner...he can call the gods to himself as allies and defenders." (Trungpa:1978...1984)..."good fortune (rten 'brel) applies to the auspicious events that happen to a person seemingly by magical coincidence." (Kornman in Lopez:1997, pg 81)....."auspicious coincidence; rten-brel (Sk: pratitya-samutpada)..."The coming together of factors to form...fitting, proper situations." (Nalanda: 1980..pg 343)...

AUTHENTIC PRESENCE...The Tibetan term: dbang thang (wang thang) Authentic Presence. "Wangthang, literally means field of power. Virtue reflected in your being, your presence. To deepen authentic presence, incorporate more space into your world."(Trungpa: 1984...P.159+)....sku drung: presence...ka dag lhun grub: primordial purity and spontaneous presence...lhun grub: spontaneous presence..."Dignity has a sense of authentic presence: it has authenticity, therefore it has presence. From that authentic presence, which comes out of non-aggression and gentleness, comes action."(Trungpa: 1996..pg 101)...

When you look at a person who possesses authentic presence you find he has an overwhelming genuineness, which usually frightens you somewhat. It's too bold. There's something cooking, something going on. There is some sense of real trueness taking place, which feels good.

dbang - initiation, empowerment; abhisheka

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BASIC GOODNESS...(kunshi ngangluk kyi gewa)..."Every human being has a basic nature of goodness, which is undiluted and unconfused. That goodness contains tremendous gentleness and appreciation...we have an actual connection to reality that can wake us up." (Trungpa:1984..Pg 31)

...In Bon Dzogchen it is stated that all of reality is pervaded by a transcendent principle called "All Good". It has a male aspect called Kuntu Sangpo and a female aspect, Kungtu Sangmo, and is a "universal reality of dynamic potentiality".(Powers: 1990 p.440)

...Pictorial descriptions and information on the Tibetan deity Kuntu Sangpo ("All Good") as appears in the recent book by Per Kvaerne, "The Bon Religion of Tibet" (Shambhala Publications, 1996)
...gdod nas bzang ba: basic goodness....

gdod nas dag-pa - primordially pure

gdod nas: primordial, original, basic, from the very beginning

...thog ma'i: primal, original, basic, first

gdod-ma'i gzhi - the Primordial Base

......."Training yourself to be a warrior is learning to rest in basic goodness, rest in a complete state of simplicity." (Trungpa: 1984..pg 70)

...."In Shinto, the essence of all beings is regarded as being good, and evil is thought as being un-essential and temporary. It is thought that by harae (purification ceremonies), all things can and must be changed to good."

..(Jinja:1958..pg 28)

...."The Mithraic restoration of original goodness through 'den' (the Old Iranian word for wisdom). ..(Campbell: 1968..pg 120)

..."If the cosmic man joins in himself the highest power of the essence (xvarr) of sovereignty (sahr)[GE SAHR?] with the highest power of the essence of the Good..." (Campbell: 1968...pg 107)...

Kun tu bzang-po - Samantabhadra (name of the Primordial Buddha)

Kuntu bzang-mo Samantabhadri (name of the Primordial Wisdom)

kun-khyab all-pervading

kun-mkhyen - omniscient, all-knowing

kun tu snang-ba'i ting-nge-' dzin - the samadhi or state of contemplation which illuminates everything

kun brtag ma rig-pa - the ignorance which conceptualizes everything

Kun-byed rgyal-po - the king who creates everything

kun-rdzob - relative

kun-rdzob bden-pa - Relative Truth

kun-gzhi - the basis of everything, alaya

kun-gzhi rnam-shes - the store consciousness, alaya-vijñana

kun-bzang dgongs-pa - the Primordial State of Samantabhadra

BARDO....(SK:antarabhava)..."Prolonged postmortem intermediary period between death and rebirth can be traced thematically to early Vedic and Upanisadic antecedents. In the Seminal Heart Tradition of Tibet, one is never anywhere but a bardo or one type or another." (Lopez: 1997..pg 458)...

the intermediate state between death and rebirth, antariibhava

BARDO: (bar do; Skt. antarabhava)

Literally, between two. In general any interval , a between. Six bardos are usually spoken of in the Vajrayana:

1.) Death Process (chi kay bar do) the interval from the moment when the individual begins to die until the moment when the separation of the mind and body takes place.

2.) Cho nyi Bardo: the interval of the ultimate nature of phenomena when the mind is plunged into its own nature. The first phase of the after death process.

3.) The Bardo of Becoming (si pay bar do) the interval in which the mind moves towards rebirth.

4.) The Bardo between Birth and Death (chi shi bar do) Ordinary waking consciousness during the present lifetime.

5.) Dream (mi lam bar do) the dream state we experience in sleep.

6.) Meditative concentration (sam ten bar do) the state of meditative stability.

The first three are the intermediate states after death and before the next birth, It is said to usually last forth-nine days. When you are in a state of bardo you are stuck in a particular vacuum. Because of your intense desire to maintain your habitual patterns, you replay your own tapes again and again. You are locked in your own mind and you create your own world.

One of the six yogas; intermediate state.

BEAUTY: Beauty means fullness, totality--total experience. Our life is completely full even though we might be completely bored. Boredom creates aloneness and sadness, which are also beautiful. Beauty in this sense is the total experience of things as they are. It is very realistic. It means that we can't cheat ourselves--or anybody else, for that matter. The beauty of cool air; the beauty of eating a meal when we are hungry; the beauty of learning more things; the beauty of being too hot on a summer day; the beauty of being too cold in the middle of winter; the beauty of pain, as well as the beauty of pleasure. All of those are connected with the fundamental notion of basic goodness."

BINDU (Sanskrit): ( See Tibetan: thig le;tig le)

thig-le - sphere, tiny sphere, essence, bindu

thig-le chen-po - the Great Sphere, fotal sphere, mahabindu

thig-le nyag-gcig - the Unique Sphere, unique essence

thig-le stong-pa'i sgron-ma - the lamp of the empty spheres

bLA: life force inside your body. You will die soon if your bla leaves. Not exactly a soul.

BLACK LIGHT..."the experience of 'black light' immediately preceeding the radiant awareness of death."..(Kongtrul: 1995..pg 276)..."From the essence of the egg was born a man of black light, Munpa Serden (Radiant Black Darkness)"..(Norbu: 1995..pg 166)...."From the heart of the egg sprang a man of black light. He was called Munpa zer-Idan nag-po and was the king of the world of non-existence."..(Karmay: 1975..pg 192)..."Med, non-being, is represented by black light and Yod, being, is characterized by white light.' (MacDonald: 1959)...

nag lam - blackness experience

BLUE....Shambhala Blue: The color blue (sngo sngon po), in many Central Asian traditions, is the sacred color of the high god associated with the dome of the sky. In the www.kkbn.com Tibetan dictionary, 'o dkar is translated: "white milk color [with a slightly bluish tinge]...blue=ngon and is connecteed with space...

BREATH..."In ancient Persia, 'jan' or 'pneuma' from which men derive not only the breath of life, but also the capacity for knowledge." (Campbell: 1968..pg 313)...

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CENTER OF THE WORLD..."The Altaic shaman believes that heaven and earth are connected by an Axis that passes through the 'Center of the World'. Their drumming projects them into this axis where they can ascend into the sky." (Eliade: 1964..pg 169)..."In Islam, the Kaaba Stone in Mecca is the one place on earth where every direction is east."....."In the Gnostic tradition, Quth is the 'Pole of the World'. With Demiourgos."...."In a wheel of time there are ceremonial doorways opening into the roots of time." (Kharatidi: 1996..pg 217)...

CEREMONIES...."In Shinto, the ceremonies connecting with summoning anew the spirit of a deity are called 'chinza-sai'. They are usually ceremonies of mysterious grandeur carried on with the utmost solemnity during the darkness."...(Jinja: 1958...pg 11).....

CHA..... (ca, cha'o,chao)(phywa).... "the term cha refers to a principle or force that embraces all the positive aspects expressed in Tibetan by words such as yang (prosperity), pal (glory), phunsum tsogpa (completeness), wang thang (ascendancy-capacity), trashi (good fortune), etc. When the forces of our cha, wangthang, and lungta are weak and in decline, secondary negative causes arise more conspicuously." ..."all phenomenon, positive as well as negative are determined by the cha. All the various conditions and situations of a person's life are controlled by or dependent on the cha force. To increase the cha (cha'o:increase, increase) one must summon the cha and yang present in the universe through a series of rites of propitiation of the cha (phywa sgrub)." (Norbu: 1995..pg 63 &72)

CHINVAT BRIDGE...the after death bridge in the Persian traditions. Razors edge. Met by feminine daena deity..."Stemming from very archaic Iranian roots, the Chinvat Bridge was the connecting place between the earthly and heavenly spheres." (Scott: 1990..pg 71)...

CIRCUMAMBULATION...(Parikarama) Clockwise is called Sun circling, counter-clockwise is called Moon circling..."Another important Pon practice seems to be the counter-clockwise circumambulation of a mountain sacred to Se and the degyes, while performing the lhasang ritual at various points along the way." (Trungpa: 1978..pg 227)..."the clockwise movement (g yas skor) was regarded as the circle of means (thabs skor) and the anti clockwise as the circle of transcendent consciousness (ye shes skor). In some rituals, men went clockwise and women went anti-clockwise." (Tucci: 1980..pg 243).....Notice the direction of the natural flow of water below and above the equator...

COLOURS...."Lemon yellow is connected with strength and with the father or king principle. Purple is considered to be the ultimate feminine or queen principle."...(Trungpa: 1996..pg 102)...

COSMIC EGG...(srid pa'i sgong nga)..."the Garuda hatches full grown from its egg and soars into outer space, expanding and stretching its wings, beyond any limits. (Trungpa: 1984..pg 167)....'begin with a creation of the world out of an egg and a first divine being, (Ye smon rgyal po), the divine ancestor born on a mountain and protected by a dragon, tiger, and a vulture. " (Tucci: 1980..pg 221)...

CRYSTAL...('khar skong: crystal) (chu shel:crystal) (ja shel: rainbow crystal) (dwangs shel: crystal clear) (phawong longbu: cube shaped crystal) (shel dkar rdzong:The White Crystal Castle) (sing nge ba: crystal clear, luminosity)..."The manifestation of phenomenon is like the sunlight being refracted through a clear crystal which then appears as rainbows on the walls of the room." (Reynolds: 1996..pg 149)..."A crystal is naked and translucent; in the same way, primordial awareness is bare of any conceptual thoughts, and internal and external experiences are transparent to the observing primordial awareness." (Wangyal: 1993...pg 129)...."Shenlha Wokar...the colour of his body is like the essence of crystal. His ornaments, attire, and palace are adorned by crystal light." (Kvaerne: 1996)...."Padmasambhava used a small crystal drum." (Kohn: 1971..pg 390)..."In the Mithraic tradition of ancient Persia, the sky was formed of a transparent crystalline substance." (Campbell: 1968..pg 94)...

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January 2025

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